Use Domain-Specific Vocabulary

Read the passage.
To survive, some animals must maintain a particular body temperature with very little variation. These animals are classified as homoeothermic. The opposite of homeothermy is poikilothermy. Poikilothermic animals can do well at a variety of body temperatures, so they allow the environment to adjust the level of heat inside of them. Some creatures are heterothermic, which means that they have both homoeothermic and poikilothermic traits. Scientists prefer these more specific terms over the commonly used terms warm-blooded and cold-blooded.
Complete the passage with the correct term.

Read the passage.
Historic manuscripts, or documents written by hand, can have several features that affect the ways they are read today. Sometimes, the surviving text is missing portions. These accidental gaps are called lacunae, and historians can only guess about what they once said. On the other hand, many features of a manuscript are intentional. Some of these additions are in the margins, the borders between the text and a page’s edges. Anything in the margins is known as marginalia. The manuscript’s creators may have included illuminations, which are illustrations or decorations in the margins. The author or a later reader may have also included glosses, or definitions for uncommon words, either in the margins or between lines of text.
Label the image with the correct term.

Read the passage.
The ancient Greeks developed methods of warfare to keep their city-states safe and expand their power. Their ranks were mostly made up of many hoplites, individual soldiers armed with spears and shields. In combat, hoplites would stand side by side with overlapping shields. The row of hoplites behind them would extend spears over their shoulders and past the shields. This formation was known as a phalanx. Hoplites could be transported in triremes, powerful warships with battering rams. Relatively few Greek soldiers were hippeis, soldiers mounted on horses. Hippeis tended to be very lightly armored.
Label the image with the correct term.

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When a shape is two dimensional, it is referred to as a plane figure. Plane figures can be adjusted in various ways. Any kind of change in the position, shape, or size of a figure is called a transformation. Some transformations have specific names. For example, reflection means flipping a plane figure, and translation refers to moving a plane figure without turning it in any way.
Complete the sentence with the correct term.

Read the passage.
The ocean is full of tiny organisms that cannot swim against the current. As a group, they are known as plankton, but there are many different sorts of plankton. Phytoplankton use photosynthesis, which means that they rely on sunlight to create their own energy. Phytoplankton is a large group that includes cyanobacteria, bacteria that can perform photosynthesis. Diatoms, single-celled organisms with strong shells, are another kind of phytoplankton. Zooplankton are not able to photosynthesize, so they eat phytoplankton to survive. Plankton of all sorts make up an important part of the world’s ecosystems, providing food, oxygen, and fertilizer to the oceans and beyond.
Complete the passage with the correct term.

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Underwater creatures use many kinds of camouflage to hide themselves from predators. Some practice self-decoration, the technique of attaching objects like plants and algae to themselves. These decorations disguise the creature so that it looks like its surroundings. Mimesis, which occurs when animals have evolved to look like part of their environment, has a similar effect. Undersea creatures exhibiting mimesis naturally resemble things like plants, rocks, or coral. Many creatures rely on a special kind of mimesis called countershading, which means that their tops are dark and their lower parts are light. From above, they look like part of the deep, dark ocean. From below, they look like the bright sky. False eyespots offer another form of disguise. These spots cause predators to misjudge the direction their prey will move, making it easier for the prey to get away.
Complete the passage with the correct term.

Read the passage.
Historic research is carried out by many specific branches of study. For example, epigraphy is the study of ancient inscriptions, or carved writings. A similar branch of study, paleography, explores historic handwritten documents and the places and ways they were written. These two fields make it possible for other historians to read and understand primary source documents from the times that they study. Other branches of study examine further aspects of human civilization. Numismatics, the study of currency such as coins, is one example. Another is toponymics, or the study of place-names.
Complete the sentence with the correct term.

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When two lines cross one another and continue, they are called intersecting lines. Two intersecting lines form a total of four angles. The angles that are located opposite from one another are called vertical angles. The angles that are next to each other are known as adjacent angles. If one of the angles formed by intersecting lines is ninety degrees, then its opposite and adjacent angles will also be ninety degrees. Any ninety-degree angle is called a right angle.
Complete the sentence with the correct term.

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The moon goes through a cycle of phases about every 29.5 days. This period of time is known as a synodic month. Since a synodic month is shorter than a calendar month, sometimes there is more than one full moon in a calendar month. The second full moon in a month is called a blue moon. On the other hand, the second new moon in a month is a black moon. Some moons have special names based on which month they occur in. So, a harvest moon is the full moon that falls closest to the autumnal equinox in September. The full moon after a harvest moon is called a hunter’s moon.
Label the image with the correct term.

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Many different kinds of buildings were used by various American Indian groups. Puebloan people built adobe clay structures from mud bricks that were dried in the sun. The Navajo people also used earth in their buildings, but they made a wooden structure first and then packed wet earth on it for insulation. We call these Navajo structures hogans. The American Indians of the Plains often lived in tepees, cone-shaped structures covered in leather. In the northeastern part of North America, many peoples built wigwams, which were bark-covered domed structures with frames of thick wooden poles. Today, all of these traditional American Indian structures are mostly used for ceremonial purposes.
Complete the sentence with the correct term.